Uterine Fibroids

Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE), also known as uterine artery embolization (UAE), is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat uterine fibroids. It involves blocking the blood flow to the fibroids, which causes them to shrink and die off, thereby relieving symptoms such as heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, and pressure on surrounding organs.

During a UFE procedure:

1. Preparation: The patient is typically given sedation or anesthesia to keep them comfortable during the procedure. Prior to the procedure, imaging studies such as MRI or ultrasound may be done to precisely locate the fibroids and map the blood vessels that supply them.

2. Accessing the Arteries: A small incision is made in the groin area, and a thin, flexible tube called a catheter is inserted into the femoral artery. Using X-ray guidance (fluoroscopy), the catheter is then advanced through the arteries until it reaches the uterine arteries, which supply blood to the uterus and fibroids.

3. Embolization: Once the catheter is in place, tiny particles (usually made of polyvinyl alcohol or another embolic agent) are injected through the catheter and into the uterine arteries. These particles flow into the smaller blood vessels that feed the fibroids, blocking blood flow to the fibroids while leaving the rest of the uterus unaffected.

4. Monitoring and Recovery: Throughout the procedure, the interventional radiologist monitors the progress using fluoroscopy to ensure proper placement of the embolic material. After the embolization is complete, the catheter is removed, and pressure is applied to the incision site to prevent bleeding. The patient is typically observed for a few hours before being discharged home the same day or after an overnight stay.

5. Follow-up: Patients may experience cramping, pelvic pain, and other discomforts for a few days following the procedure, which can usually be managed with pain medication. Follow-up appointments are scheduled to monitor the response to treatment and assess symptom improvement.

UFE is an effective alternative to traditional surgery (such as hysterectomy or myomectomy) for women with symptomatic fibroids who wish to preserve their uterus and avoid major surgery. It offers a shorter recovery time, fewer complications, and less risk of infection compared to surgical options. However, it may not be suitable for all patients, and it’s important to discuss the risks and benefits with a healthcare provider to determine the most appropriate treatment approach.